Trauma is an emotional response to a distressing or disturbing event that overwhelms the individual’s ability to cope. Trauma is subjective – a traumatic experience for one person may not be traumatic for another, but that does not mean it is any less real for the person who is traumatized.

People of all ages experience trauma, but it has a particularly long-lasting impact on children as their brains are still rapidly developing. Often, children and adolescents don’t have the necessary coping skills to manage the impact of stressful events on their own or the language to explain their feelings (or even what happened).

WHAT DOES TRAUMA LOOK LIKE IN THE CLASSROOM?

There’s no one way for children and teens to respond to trauma, but here are some signs to look out for:

• Excessive anger or irritability, unusual startle reactions
• Significantly increased or reduced appetite and exhaustion
• Aggression (physical or verbal)
• Regular tardiness/absence from class
• Perfectionist or controlling behavior
• Difficulty concentrating
• Frequent headaches or stomachaches
• Low self-confidence
• Hoarding (snacks, school supplies)
• Risky behavior (substance use, sex)
• Panic attacks
• Extreme self-reliance or hyper-independence
• Running away or other acts of defiance
• Alienation from peers (self-isolation or inability to relate/make friends)

Keep in mind that trauma responses can vary by culture, race, gender, geographic location, and other factors — and students have all had different traumatic experiences over the last year. Many students and families may have dealt with vaccine anxiety. In terms of trauma response behaviors, girls are more likely to turn inward and get quiet or retreat from social settings, while boys are more likely to get outwardly irritable or disrupt the class. All behavior is a form of communication — if a student’s actions or demeanor are disruptive or strike you as “off,” think about it from a trauma lens and consider what they might be trying to express as needs or wants.

Social-emotional Development:

Experiencing trauma, at a young age, disrupts young people’s ability to relate to others and manage emotions. Without healthy coping skills, this often leads to poor in-class behavior, which can reduce learning time and increase rates of suspension and expulsion.

Academic Performance:

Trauma can undermine many skills that are crucial for learning, including the development of language and communication skills, the ability to organize and remember new information, and reading comprehension. Students coping with trauma may experience intrusive thoughts or flashbacks that prevent them from paying attention in class, studying, or focusing during timed assignments. School-related trauma (like bullying or unfair punishment) often leads to school avoidance, leaving the most vulnerable students behind academically. Trauma negatively impacts young people’s sense of self, making it difficult for those students to feel motivated, proud, and engaged in their learning.

If you notice these symptoms in a child or teen, you may want to consider or encourage a mental health screening. A screening is a free, anonymous, and confidential way to see if a person is showing signs of a mental health condition. Screening tools for young people and parents are available at MHAScreening.org.